Pycnoidocyathus

Pycnoidocyathus TAYLOR, 1910

Specimen-type: Pycnoidocyathus synapticulosus lectotype, TAYLOR, 1910, pl. 12, photo 69

Systematics:
Order: ARCHAEOCYATHIDA Okulitch, 1935
Suborder: ARCHAEOCYATHINA Okulitch, 1935
Superfamily: ARCHAEOCYATHOIDEA Hinde, 1889
Family:ARCHAEOPHARETRIDAE R. Bedford& W. R. Bedford, 1936

Notes:
Synapticulae linked taeniae only at cup base.
During ontogeny, taeniae become progressively less porous, more planar and without synapticulae.

Pycnoidocyathus Pycnoidocyathus synapticulosus TAYLOR lectotype SAM T1587A,B,C Botoman, Ajax Mine, Australia Transverse view (DEBRENNE, A. ZHURAVLEV & KRUSE, 2002).

Pycnoidocyathus Pycnoidocyathus synapticulosus TAYLOR lectotype SAM T1587A,B,C Botoman, Ajax Mine, Australia Detail of outer wall in tangential view (DEBRENNE, A. ZHURAVLEV & KRUSE, 2002).

Pycnoidocyathus Pycnoidocyathus synapticulosus TAYLOR lectotype SAM T1587A,B,C Botoman, Ajax Mine, Australia Longitudinal view (DEBRENNE, A. ZHURAVLEV & KRUSE, 2002).

Outer wall

• Structure of outer carcass wall (OW/SW) : Carcass wall well defined
• Carcass perforations: outer wall or single wall (OW/SW) : Pores
• Type of carcass pores (OW/SW) : Subdivided
• Size of carcass pores (OW/SW) : Uniform size
• Repartition of carcass pores (OW/SW) : Regular repartition
• Repartition types of carcass pores (OW/SW) : Pores grouped into clusters
• Relationship between rows of carcass pores and intersept (OW/SW) : ?
• Carcass bumps: outer wall or single wall (OW/SW) : None
• Carcass external plates: outer wall or single wall (OW/SW) : None
• Stipules : None
• Type of morphological tubes (OW/SW) : None
• Additional sheath : None ; Present on outer wall (or single wall)
• Type of additional sheath (OW/SW) : Sieve formed by protrusions
• Repartition of bracts on additional sheath (OW/SW) : No bract on additional sheath
• Type of shieve (OW/SW) : Protrusions aren't completely connected
• Repartition of micropores (OW/SW) : Irregular

Inner wall

• Structure of inner carcass wall (IW) : Carcass wall well defined
• Stipules : None
• Carcass perforations: inner wall (IW) : Pores
• Type of carcass pores (IW) : Simple
• Relationship between rows of carcass pores and intersept (IW) : 1
• Relationship between rows of carcass pores and tabulae (IW) : No tabula
• Building of carcass perforations (IW) : Without participation of vertical structures
• Carcass external plates: inner carcass wall (IW) : Present
• Type of carcass external plates (IW) : Poretubes
• Shape of carcass external plates (IW) : Planar
• Direction of carcass external plates (IW) : Upwardly projecting
• Type of morphological tubes (IW) : None
• Additional sheath : None ; Present on outer wall (or single wall)

Intervallum

• Vertical intervallar structures : Present
• Type of vertical intervallar structures : Taeniae
  (During ontogeny, taeniae become progressively less porous, more planar and without synapticulae.)
• Repartition of vertical intervallar structures pores : ?
  (During ontogeny, taeniae become progressively less porous, more planar and without synapticulae.)
• Porosity of vertical intervallar structures : Coarsely porous
  (During ontogeny, taeniae become progressively less porous, more planar and without synapticulae.)
• Pores of vertical intervallar structures : Circular pores
• Link between vertical intervallar structures : None ; Synapticulae
  (Synapticulae linked taeniae only at cup base.)
• Repartition of synapticulae : Random
  (Synapticulae linked taeniae only at cup base.)
• Intervallar cells : None
• Tabulae : none

Others informations

• Cup shapes : Cylindrical-conical
• Shape of cup bulges : None
• Number of walls : 2
• Habitus : Solitary ; Modular
• Type of modularity : Branching by external budding ; Branching by longitudinal subdivisions
• Central Cavity (or internal if one wall) : Empty
• Thorny corolla : None
• Chambers : None
• Other aquiferous unit : None
• Stratigraphical extension : Botoman ; Toyonian
• Botoman : 2 ; 3
• Toyonian : 1 ; 2 ; 3
• Geographical repartition : Antarctica ; Australia ; Canada ; China ; Europe ; Greenland ; Mexico ; Mongolia ; Russia ; USA
  (China: South China.)
• Europe : Iberia ; Italia: Sardinia
• Russia : Altay Sayan ; Far East ; Tuva

Systematic

• Orders : Archaeocyathida
• Suborders inside the Archaeocyathida : Archaeocyathina
• Superfamillies inside the Archaeocyathina : Archaeocyathoidea
• Famillies inside the Archaeocyathina : Archaeocyathidae

External view

• Cup shapes : Cylindrical-conical
• Shape of cup bulges : None
• Structure of outer carcass wall (OW/SW) : Carcass wall well defined
• Structure of inner carcass wall (IW) : Carcass wall well defined
• Habitus : Solitary ; Modular
• Type of modularity : Branching by external budding ; Branching by longitudinal subdivisions
• Size of carcass pores (OW/SW) : Uniform size
• Carcass bumps: outer wall or single wall (OW/SW) : None
• Carcass external plates: outer wall or single wall (OW/SW) : None
• Carcass external plates: inner carcass wall (IW) : Present
• Type of carcass external plates (IW) : Poretubes
• Shape of carcass external plates (IW) : Planar
• Direction of carcass external plates (IW) : Upwardly projecting
• Additional sheath : None ; Present on outer wall (or single wall)
• Type of additional sheath (OW/SW) : Sieve formed by protrusions
• Repartition of bracts on additional sheath (OW/SW) : No bract on additional sheath
• Type of shieve (OW/SW) : Protrusions aren't completely connected
• Repartition of micropores (OW/SW) : Irregular
• Thorny corolla : None

Transverse section

• Shape of cup bulges : None
• Number of walls : 2
• Structure of outer carcass wall (OW/SW) : Carcass wall well defined
• Structure of inner carcass wall (IW) : Carcass wall well defined
• Habitus : Solitary ; Modular
• Central Cavity (or internal if one wall) : Empty
• Carcass perforations: outer wall or single wall (OW/SW) : Pores
• Relationship between rows of carcass pores and intersept (OW/SW) : ?
• Carcass bumps: outer wall or single wall (OW/SW) : None
• Carcass external plates: outer wall or single wall (OW/SW) : None
• Carcass perforations: inner wall (IW) : Pores
• Building of carcass perforations (IW) : Without participation of vertical structures
• Carcass external plates: inner carcass wall (IW) : Present
• Additional sheath : None ; Present on outer wall (or single wall)
• Thorny corolla : None
• Vertical intervallar structures : Present
• Type of vertical intervallar structures : Taeniae
  (During ontogeny, taeniae become progressively less porous, more planar and without synapticulae.)
• Repartition of vertical intervallar structures pores : ?
  (During ontogeny, taeniae become progressively less porous, more planar and without synapticulae.)
• Link between vertical intervallar structures : None ; Synapticulae
  (Synapticulae linked taeniae only at cup base.)
• Repartition of synapticulae : Random
  (Synapticulae linked taeniae only at cup base.)
• Intervallar cells : None
• Tabulae : none
• Other aquiferous unit : None

Longitudinal section

• Shape of cup bulges : None
• Number of walls : 2
• Structure of outer carcass wall (OW/SW) : Carcass wall well defined
• Structure of inner carcass wall (IW) : Carcass wall well defined
• Habitus : Solitary ; Modular
• Type of modularity : Branching by external budding ; Branching by longitudinal subdivisions
• Central Cavity (or internal if one wall) : Empty
• Carcass perforations: outer wall or single wall (OW/SW) : Pores
• Carcass bumps: outer wall or single wall (OW/SW) : None
• Carcass external plates: outer wall or single wall (OW/SW) : None
• Stipules : None
• Type of morphological tubes (OW/SW) : None
• Carcass perforations: inner wall (IW) : Pores
• Relationship between rows of carcass pores and tabulae (IW) : No tabula
• Carcass external plates: inner carcass wall (IW) : Present
• Type of carcass external plates (IW) : Poretubes
• Shape of carcass external plates (IW) : Planar
• Direction of carcass external plates (IW) : Upwardly projecting
• Type of morphological tubes (IW) : None
• Additional sheath : None ; Present on outer wall (or single wall)
• Type of additional sheath (OW/SW) : Sieve formed by protrusions
• Repartition of bracts on additional sheath (OW/SW) : No bract on additional sheath
• Thorny corolla : None
• Vertical intervallar structures : Present
• Type of vertical intervallar structures : Taeniae
  (During ontogeny, taeniae become progressively less porous, more planar and without synapticulae.)
• Repartition of vertical intervallar structures pores : ?
  (During ontogeny, taeniae become progressively less porous, more planar and without synapticulae.)
• Porosity of vertical intervallar structures : Coarsely porous
  (During ontogeny, taeniae become progressively less porous, more planar and without synapticulae.)
• Pores of vertical intervallar structures : Circular pores
• Link between vertical intervallar structures : None ; Synapticulae
  (Synapticulae linked taeniae only at cup base.)
• Repartition of synapticulae : Random
  (Synapticulae linked taeniae only at cup base.)
• Intervallar cells : None
• Tabulae : none
• Chambers : None
• Other aquiferous unit : None

Oblique section

• Shape of cup bulges : None
• Number of walls : 2
• Structure of outer carcass wall (OW/SW) : Carcass wall well defined
• Structure of inner carcass wall (IW) : Carcass wall well defined
• Habitus : Solitary ; Modular
• Central Cavity (or internal if one wall) : Empty
• Carcass perforations: outer wall or single wall (OW/SW) : Pores
• Size of carcass pores (OW/SW) : Uniform size
• Relationship between rows of carcass pores and intersept (OW/SW) : ?
• Carcass bumps: outer wall or single wall (OW/SW) : None
• Carcass external plates: outer wall or single wall (OW/SW) : None
• Stipules : None
• Type of morphological tubes (OW/SW) : None
• Carcass perforations: inner wall (IW) : Pores
• Relationship between rows of carcass pores and intersept (IW) : 1
• Relationship between rows of carcass pores and tabulae (IW) : No tabula
• Building of carcass perforations (IW) : Without participation of vertical structures
• Carcass external plates: inner carcass wall (IW) : Present
• Type of morphological tubes (IW) : None
• Additional sheath : None ; Present on outer wall (or single wall)
• Type of additional sheath (OW/SW) : Sieve formed by protrusions
• Repartition of bracts on additional sheath (OW/SW) : No bract on additional sheath
• Type of shieve (OW/SW) : Protrusions aren't completely connected
• Thorny corolla : None
• Vertical intervallar structures : Present
• Type of vertical intervallar structures : Taeniae
  (During ontogeny, taeniae become progressively less porous, more planar and without synapticulae.)
• Repartition of vertical intervallar structures pores : ?
  (During ontogeny, taeniae become progressively less porous, more planar and without synapticulae.)
• Porosity of vertical intervallar structures : Coarsely porous
  (During ontogeny, taeniae become progressively less porous, more planar and without synapticulae.)
• Pores of vertical intervallar structures : Circular pores
• Link between vertical intervallar structures : None ; Synapticulae
  (Synapticulae linked taeniae only at cup base.)
• Repartition of synapticulae : Random
  (Synapticulae linked taeniae only at cup base.)
• Intervallar cells : None
• Tabulae : none
• Chambers : None
• Other aquiferous unit : None

Tangential section

• Type of carcass pores (OW/SW) : Subdivided
• Size of carcass pores (OW/SW) : Uniform size
• Repartition of carcass pores (OW/SW) : Regular repartition
• Repartition types of carcass pores (OW/SW) : Pores grouped into clusters
• Type of carcass pores (IW) : Simple
• Repartition of bracts on additional sheath (OW/SW) : No bract on additional sheath
• Type of shieve (OW/SW) : Protrusions aren't completely connected
• Repartition of micropores (OW/SW) : Irregular
• Thorny corolla : None
• Repartition of vertical intervallar structures pores : ?
  (During ontogeny, taeniae become progressively less porous, more planar and without synapticulae.)
• Porosity of vertical intervallar structures : Coarsely porous
  (During ontogeny, taeniae become progressively less porous, more planar and without synapticulae.)
• Pores of vertical intervallar structures : Circular pores