Protocyathus

Protocyathus FORD, 1878

Specimen-type: Protocyathus rarus holotype, FORD, 1878, fig. 1a-b

Systematics:
Order: AJACICYATHIDA R. Bedford& J. Bedford, 1939
Suborder: AJACICYATHINA R. Bedford& J. Bedford, 1939
Superfamily: ETHMOPHYLLOIDEA Okulitch, 1937
Family: KIJACYATHIDAE Zhuravleva, 1964

Protocyathus Protocyathus rarus FORD holotype NYSM 52 Botoman, Troy, New York, USA Longitudinal view of outer wall (DEBRENNE, A. ZHURAVLEV & KRUSE, 2002).

Protocyathus Protocyathus rarus FORD holotype NYSM 52 Botoman, Troy, New York, USA Detail of septum and inner wall in longitudinal view (outer wall to left) (DEBRENNE, A. ZHURAVLEV & KRUSE, 2002).

Outer wall

• Structure of outer carcass wall (OW/SW) : Carcass wall well defined
• Carcass perforations: outer wall or single wall (OW/SW) : Canals
• Shape of carcass canals (OW/SW) : Straight
• Direction of carcass canals (OW/SW) : Upwardly opening ; Horizontal opening
  (horizontal to upwardly opening)
• Origin of carcass canals (OW/SW) : Limited to the carcass
• Relationship between carcass canals and intersept (OW/SW) : Stirrup canals
• Carcass bumps: outer wall or single wall (OW/SW) : None
• Carcass external plates: outer wall or single wall (OW/SW) : None
• Stipules : None
• Type of morphological tubes (OW/SW) : None
• Additional sheath : None

Inner wall

• Structure of inner carcass wall (IW) : Carcass wall well defined
• Stipules : None
• Carcass perforations: inner wall (IW) : Pores
• Type of carcass pores (IW) : Simple
• Relationship between rows of carcass pores and intersept (IW) : Stirrup pores
• Relationship between rows of carcass pores and tabulae (IW) : No tabula
• Building of carcass perforations (IW) : Without participation of vertical structures
• Carcass external plates: inner carcass wall (IW) : Present
• Type of carcass external plates (IW) : Annuli
• Relationship between carcass annuli and tabulae (IW) : No tabula
• Shape of carcass external plates (IW) : Planar ; Waved
  (planar to waved annuli)
• Direction of carcass external plates (IW) : Horizontally projecting
• Type of morphological tubes (IW) : None
• Additional sheath : None

Intervallum

• Vertical intervallar structures : Present
• Type of vertical intervallar structures : Septa
• Repartition of vertical intervallar structures pores : Aporous ; Sparsely porous
• Porosity of vertical intervallar structures : Aporous ; Finely porous
• Pores of vertical intervallar structures : Aporous ; Circular pores
• Link between vertical intervallar structures : None
• Intervallar cells : None
• Tabulae : none

Others informations

• Cup shapes : Cylindrical-conical
• Shape of cup bulges : None
• Number of walls : 2
• Habitus : Solitary ; Modular
• Type of modularity : Branching by longitudinal subdivisions ; Catenulate
• Central Cavity (or internal if one wall) : Empty
• Thorny corolla : None
• Chambers : None
• Other aquiferous unit : None
• Stratigraphical extension : Botoman
• Botoman : 1 ; 2
• Geographical repartition : Canada ; USA

Systematic

• Orders : Ajacicyathida
• Suborders inside the Ajacicyathida : Ajacicyathina
• Superfamillies inside the Ajacicyathina : Ethmophylloidea
• Famillies inside the Ajacicyathina : Kijacyathidae

External view

• Cup shapes : Cylindrical-conical
• Shape of cup bulges : None
• Structure of outer carcass wall (OW/SW) : Carcass wall well defined
• Structure of inner carcass wall (IW) : Carcass wall well defined
• Habitus : Solitary ; Modular
• Type of modularity : Branching by longitudinal subdivisions ; Catenulate
• Carcass bumps: outer wall or single wall (OW/SW) : None
• Carcass external plates: outer wall or single wall (OW/SW) : None
• Carcass external plates: inner carcass wall (IW) : Present
• Type of carcass external plates (IW) : Annuli
• Relationship between carcass annuli and tabulae (IW) : No tabula
• Shape of carcass external plates (IW) : Planar ; Waved
  (planar to waved annuli)
• Direction of carcass external plates (IW) : Horizontally projecting
• Additional sheath : None
• Thorny corolla : None

Transverse section

• Shape of cup bulges : None
• Number of walls : 2
• Structure of outer carcass wall (OW/SW) : Carcass wall well defined
• Structure of inner carcass wall (IW) : Carcass wall well defined
• Habitus : Solitary ; Modular
• Central Cavity (or internal if one wall) : Empty
• Carcass perforations: outer wall or single wall (OW/SW) : Canals
• Relationship between carcass canals and intersept (OW/SW) : Stirrup canals
• Carcass bumps: outer wall or single wall (OW/SW) : None
• Carcass external plates: outer wall or single wall (OW/SW) : None
• Carcass perforations: inner wall (IW) : Pores
• Building of carcass perforations (IW) : Without participation of vertical structures
• Carcass external plates: inner carcass wall (IW) : Present
• Additional sheath : None
• Thorny corolla : None
• Vertical intervallar structures : Present
• Type of vertical intervallar structures : Septa
• Repartition of vertical intervallar structures pores : Aporous ; Sparsely porous
• Link between vertical intervallar structures : None
• Intervallar cells : None
• Tabulae : none
• Other aquiferous unit : None

Longitudinal section

• Shape of cup bulges : None
• Number of walls : 2
• Structure of outer carcass wall (OW/SW) : Carcass wall well defined
• Structure of inner carcass wall (IW) : Carcass wall well defined
• Habitus : Solitary ; Modular
• Type of modularity : Branching by longitudinal subdivisions ; Catenulate
• Central Cavity (or internal if one wall) : Empty
• Carcass perforations: outer wall or single wall (OW/SW) : Canals
• Shape of carcass canals (OW/SW) : Straight
• Direction of carcass canals (OW/SW) : Upwardly opening ; Horizontal opening
  (horizontal to upwardly opening)
• Origin of carcass canals (OW/SW) : Limited to the carcass
• Relationship between carcass canals and intersept (OW/SW) : Stirrup canals
• Carcass bumps: outer wall or single wall (OW/SW) : None
• Carcass external plates: outer wall or single wall (OW/SW) : None
• Stipules : None
• Type of morphological tubes (OW/SW) : None
• Carcass perforations: inner wall (IW) : Pores
• Relationship between rows of carcass pores and tabulae (IW) : No tabula
• Carcass external plates: inner carcass wall (IW) : Present
• Type of carcass external plates (IW) : Annuli
• Relationship between carcass annuli and tabulae (IW) : No tabula
• Shape of carcass external plates (IW) : Planar ; Waved
  (planar to waved annuli)
• Direction of carcass external plates (IW) : Horizontally projecting
• Type of morphological tubes (IW) : None
• Additional sheath : None
• Thorny corolla : None
• Vertical intervallar structures : Present
• Type of vertical intervallar structures : Septa
• Repartition of vertical intervallar structures pores : Aporous ; Sparsely porous
• Porosity of vertical intervallar structures : Aporous ; Finely porous
• Pores of vertical intervallar structures : Aporous ; Circular pores
• Link between vertical intervallar structures : None
• Intervallar cells : None
• Tabulae : none
• Chambers : None
• Other aquiferous unit : None

Oblique section

• Shape of cup bulges : None
• Number of walls : 2
• Structure of outer carcass wall (OW/SW) : Carcass wall well defined
• Structure of inner carcass wall (IW) : Carcass wall well defined
• Habitus : Solitary ; Modular
• Central Cavity (or internal if one wall) : Empty
• Carcass perforations: outer wall or single wall (OW/SW) : Canals
• Shape of carcass canals (OW/SW) : Straight
• Direction of carcass canals (OW/SW) : Upwardly opening ; Horizontal opening
  (horizontal to upwardly opening)
• Origin of carcass canals (OW/SW) : Limited to the carcass
• Relationship between carcass canals and intersept (OW/SW) : Stirrup canals
• Carcass bumps: outer wall or single wall (OW/SW) : None
• Carcass external plates: outer wall or single wall (OW/SW) : None
• Stipules : None
• Type of morphological tubes (OW/SW) : None
• Carcass perforations: inner wall (IW) : Pores
• Relationship between rows of carcass pores and intersept (IW) : Stirrup pores
• Relationship between rows of carcass pores and tabulae (IW) : No tabula
• Building of carcass perforations (IW) : Without participation of vertical structures
• Carcass external plates: inner carcass wall (IW) : Present
• Type of morphological tubes (IW) : None
• Additional sheath : None
• Thorny corolla : None
• Vertical intervallar structures : Present
• Type of vertical intervallar structures : Septa
• Repartition of vertical intervallar structures pores : Aporous ; Sparsely porous
• Porosity of vertical intervallar structures : Aporous ; Finely porous
• Pores of vertical intervallar structures : Aporous ; Circular pores
• Link between vertical intervallar structures : None
• Intervallar cells : None
• Tabulae : none
• Chambers : None
• Other aquiferous unit : None

Tangential section

• Type of carcass pores (IW) : Simple
• Thorny corolla : None
• Repartition of vertical intervallar structures pores : Aporous ; Sparsely porous
• Porosity of vertical intervallar structures : Aporous ; Finely porous
• Pores of vertical intervallar structures : Aporous ; Circular pores